Array of normal galaxies

Using ALMA, astronomers survey an array of normal galaxies seen when the Universe was only 1 billion years old. They detected the glow of ionized carbon fulling the space between the stars, indicating these galaxies were fully formed but chemically immature, when compared to similar galaxies a few billion years later. The ALMA data for four of these galaxies is show in relation to objects in the COSMOS field. ALMA (NRAO/ESO/NAOJ), P. Capak; B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF)